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CANCER
FACTS - Ovary
| Signs
and Symptoms |
Ovarian
cancer often does not show any obvious signs or symptoms until late
in its development. The most common sign is enlargement of the abdomen,
which is caused by accumulation of fluid. Abnormal vaginal bleeding
is rarely a symptom. In women over 40, vague digestive disturbances
(stomach discomfort, gas, distention) that persist and cannot be
explained by any other cause may indicate the need for an evaluation
for ovarian cancer, including a thorough pelvic examination. |
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Risk Factors
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Risk for ovarian
cancer increases with age, and peaks in the eighth decade. Women
who have never had children are more likely to develop ovarian
cancer than those who have. Pregnancy and the use of oral contraceptives
appear to reduce the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Women
who have had breast cancer or have a family history of breast
or ovarian cancer are at increased risk. Mutations in the BRCA1
or BRCA2 genes have been observed in these families.
Another genetic
syndrome, hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer, has also been
associated with endometrial and ovarian cancer. Except for Japan,
industrialized countries have the highest incidence rates.
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| Early
Detection |
Periodic,
thorough pelvic exams are important. The Pap test, useful in detecting
cervical cancer, rarely uncovers early ovarian cancer. Transvaginal
ultrasound and a tumor marker, CA125, may assist diagnosis but are
not used for routine screening. |
Source:
Cancer Facts & Figures 1998 - American Cancer Society
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